1. What is the definition of a virtue in the Thomistic sense?
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A single good action.
A transient disposition to act well.
A good operative habit that disposes one to act in accordance with reason.
An innate talent one is born with.
2. How are most operative habits, such as virtues and vices, primarily formed according to Aquinas?
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Through a single, intense experience.
They are genetically inherited.
They are directly infused by God at birth.
Through the repetition of similar acts.
3. What is the central idea behind Bernard Mandeville's maxim "private vices, public benefits," which the chapter presents as a modern inversion of virtue?
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That personal virtues are the only thing that matters for public life.
That habits traditionally seen as vices, like greed and luxury, can drive public prosperity.
That public virtues always lead to private ruin.
That there is no such thing as vice or virtue.
4. Which of the following are the three theological virtues?
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Faith, Hope, Charity
Prudence, Justice, Fortitude
Wisdom, Science, Art
Humility, Meekness, Chastity
5. How does modern neuroscience explain the formation of habits in the brain?
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As a purely psychological phenomenon with no physical basis.
Through neuroplasticity, where repeated actions strengthen neural pathways, particularly in the basal ganglia.
As a result of changes in the soul's essence.
As a random process that cannot be explained.