1. According to Don Tommaso Demaria, what major historical event triggered the fundamental ontological shift from a "static-sacral" to a "dynamic-secular" Historical Reality?
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The Protestant Reformation
The Enlightenment
The Industrial Revolution
The Fall of the Roman Empire
2. What is the core tenet of philosophical realism, as described in the chapter?
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Reality is fundamentally mental or mind-dependent.
Reality, or at least some aspect of it, exists independently of our minds or consciousness.
The thinking subject is the only certain starting point for knowledge.
The world is a social construct with no objective structure.
3. The famous phrase by St. Anselm, fides quaerens intellectum, is best translated as:
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Reason seeking faith.
Faith seeking understanding.
Faith above all reason.
Understanding without faith.
4. How did early Christian thinkers like St. Justin Martyr view Greek philosophy?
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As an entirely hostile and useless system to be rejected.
As a divine revelation equal to the Hebrew Scriptures.
As a praeparatio evangelica (preparation for the Gospel) containing "seeds of the Word."
As a system to be replaced by a purely new Christian philosophy.
5. What is the primary characteristic of a "dynamic" Historical Reality in Demaria's thought?
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It is traditional and resistant to change.
It is founded and animated directly by religion.
It is something that is not yet but is actively constructing itself over time.
It requires only an ethical exigence to be moralized and governed.